Genie+in+the+Bottle

** __ Genie in the Bottle __**
Materials: 2 liter soda bottle (or other container -beaker, flask, etc) goggles spatula Funnel 30% hydrogen peroxide manganese dioxide  Procedure: 1. Pour 50-100 mL of 30% hydrogen peroxide into 2 liter bottle (enough to cover the "dimples") or container. 2. Add a pea-sized amount of manganese dioxide to bottle or container. 3. Gaseous oxygen will be emitted from the bottle. The reaction is exothermic; the soda bottle will get hot and shrink slightly.

 2 H2O2 (aq) YIELD O2 (g) + 2 H2O(l) Explanation Behind the Demonstration:

The Genie in the Bottle Demonstration is demonstrating a decomposition reaction. This is a specific type of reaction in which a compound is breaking down. A compound is two elements chemically combined such as H20 or CO2. In this case, the hydrogen peroxide is being broken down whose molecular formula is H2O2. You can think of a molecular formula as a shortcut to stating the compound. For example, the molecular formula of carbon dioxide is CO2. However, hydrogen peroxide is easily decomposed or broken down by light. This is the reason why you see them being sold in brown bottles in drugstores.

In this chemical reaction, the compound manganese dioxide is being used as a catalyst to speed up the reaction. A catalyst is used to speed or quicken the length of chemical reactions. The products of this decomposition reaction are oxygen and water. The “genie in the bottle” effect is basically when droplets of water are being propelled from the bottle by the oxygen formed.

History & Interesting Facts:

Hydrogen peroxide was discovered in 1818 by L. J. Thenard This highly concentrated solution was first used in World War II by military in fuel for rockets.

Not only is manganese dioxide used as a catalyst in the reaction with hydrogen peroxide but it is also used to collect oxygen from potassium chlorate. Manganese dioxide and potassium chlorate are heated together in a hard glass container and oxygen is collected over the water. MnO2 is used in combination with anthracite, sand, and gravel in industrial water treatment plants. It was also used by ancient cave painters for black or brown pigment. This unique compound was also used by the earliest glass makers to remove the natural bluish-green tint of glass. It is also used in batteries.  Practical Real Life Applications:

The hydrogen peroxide used in the "Genie in the Bottle" is ten times more concentrated that the ones sold in drug stores. The less concentrated hydrogen peroxide is used to clean and sterilize wounds or cuts.

Catalysts are present in everyday life. They are found in laundry detergents. These catalysts act up on the stains and remove them faster. They are also found in your very own body. That's right; they are used up in the body not to cause explosions, but to make very difficult reactions occur. The catalysts aid in combining very large molecules. Not only are they present in the body but in fertilizers as well. They improve the nutrients by significantly increasing the availability by 25% or more. There are fuel catalysts as well which improve the performance of the fuel. Adding it to the fuels improves combustion so that the toxic emissions being released are reducing in number.

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